free energy principle
The Adversarial Collaboration: IIT vs. GWT in the Ring
In 2019, the John Templeton Foundation committed $20 million to what may be the most ambitious experiment in the history of consciousness science: a structured adversarial collaboration pitting the two leading scientific theories of consciousness against each other in head-to-head empirical...
Biological Computationalism: The Third Path to Consciousness
The philosophy of consciousness has been stuck in a binary trap for decades. On one side: functionalism (classical computationalism), which holds that consciousness is substrate-independent computation — that any system implementing the right algorithm, whether silicon or carbon, would be conscious.
Consciousness Science at the Crossroads: From the Hard Problem to the Engineering Era
In 1994, David Chalmers stood before an audience at the first Tucson conference on consciousness and articulated what he called the "hard problem" — why does subjective experience exist at all? Why is there something it is like to see red, feel pain, taste coffee?
Psychedelic Neuroplasticity Breakthroughs: The Fastest Brain Rewiring Ever Observed
By 2025, the scientific evidence has become overwhelming: psychedelic compounds are the most powerful neuroplasticity inducers ever discovered. A single dose of psilocybin produces structural brain changes — new dendritic spines, new synaptic connections, reorganized neural networks — within 24...
Interoception The Science of Internal Sensing
Welcome to the Deep Dive, where we take your complex sources, the foundational research,
Heartbeat Detection and Intuition: How Your Heart Shapes What You See, Feel, and Decide
You probably think of your heart as a pump. It contracts approximately 100,000 times per day, circulating roughly 7,500 liters of blood through 100,000 kilometers of blood vessels, delivering oxygen and nutrients to every cell in your body and carrying waste products away.
HeartMath and Pre-Stimulus Response: Does the Heart Know the Future?
In a laboratory at the HeartMath Institute in Boulder Creek, California, a research participant sits calmly in front of a computer screen. Electrodes on her chest monitor her heart's electrical activity.
The Neurochemistry of Ego Dissolution: The Chemical Pathway from "I" to "No-I"
There is a moment — accessible through psychedelics, through advanced meditation, through spontaneous grace — when the sense of being a separate self dissolves. The boundary between "me" and "everything else" becomes transparent, then permeable, then irrelevant.
Light Fasting and Darkness Retreats: How the Absence of Light Activates the Brain's Inner Pharmacy
Every article in this collection describes what light does to the body — how photons charge mitochondria, synthesize vitamin D, set circadian clocks, release nitric oxide, and power the neurochemical pipelines of consciousness. But there is a complementary practice, known across cultures and...
Open-Label Placebo: The Breakthrough That Broke the Model
For decades, the placebo effect was understood through a simple equation: deception equals healing. The patient must believe they are receiving a real treatment.
The Neuroscience of Psychedelics
The scientific study of psychedelic compounds has undergone a remarkable renaissance since the early 2010s, producing some of the most significant advances in our understanding of consciousness, neural connectivity, and brain plasticity in modern neuroscience. Classic psychedelics — psilocybin,...
REBUS and the Entropic Brain: How Psychedelics Rewrite Reality
In 2019, Robin Carhart-Harris and Karl Friston published what has become the most influential theoretical paper in psychedelic science: "REBUS and the Anarchic Brain: Toward a Unified Model of the Brain Action of Psychedelics" in Pharmacological Reviews. The paper synthesizes two frameworks —...
Perception and Reality Creation
You are hallucinating right now. Not in the clinical sense — in the neurological sense.